Variability of the metal content of flood deposits     

H. Leenaers  C. J. Schouten  M. C. Rang 《Environmental Geology》1988,11(1):95-106

Fresh flood deposits were sampled in the flood-plains of two river systems, the River Meuse, with a catchment area of 33,000 km² and the River Geul, with a catchment area of 3,000 km². As a result of industrial and mining activities, both rivers have a history of severe metal pollution, especially with zinc, lead, and cadmium. The flood deposits of both rivers are heterogeneous mixtures of contaminated bottom sediments (with relatively long residence times in the river) and clean sediments derived from soil erosion on agricultural cropland (with very short residence times). An additional source of sediment is formed by erosion of older, locally highly contaminated streambank deposits. These older sediments are polluted as a result of solid waste disposal containing metalliferous ore and tailings in the sand fraction. This is especially the case in the River Geul, which drains an old zinc and lead mining area. The metal content of the Meuse sediments, however, originates largely from liquid industrial wastes and occurs mainly in the clay fraction. For this reason, the positive correlation between textural composition, organic matter content, and heavy metal concentration, which is often reported, was not observed, and normalization of the metal content was not possible. Nevertheless, a clear decrease of contamination was noticed along the River Geul; this trend was absent along the River Meuse. An attempt has been made to model the longitudinal decay pattern for each of the investigated havey metals.  相似文献   

Recurrence characteristics of late-quaternary strong earthquakes on the major active faults along the northern border of Ordos block     

Yongkang Ran  Lichun Chen  Xiaoping Yang  Zhujun Han 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):189-200

Through study on trenches, analysis of recurrence characteristics and recurrence interval cluster/gap of strong earthquakes along the major active faults on the northern border of Ordos block, we found 62 paleoearthquakes that occurred in the late Quaternary, including 33 earthquakes occurring in the Holocene. The recurrence characteristics of the paleoearthquakes are different at three levels, segments, faults, and fault zones. The strong seismic sequence on the independent segments is mostly characterized by long- and short-interval recurrences, while that on the faults and in fault zone is characterized clearly by random and cluster recurrences. Results of the moving window test indicate that the probabilities of “temporal cluster or gap”, caused by random coincidence as opposed to intersegment contagion, are 64% and 70% for the Serteng piedmont fault and for the south-border fault of Wula Mountains, respectively, no clear interaction among the segments of each fault; while the probability is 26.8% for the whole fault zone, suggesting a clear interaction among the faults of this fault zone. These recurrence characteristics may imply an effect of the entire block motion on the recurrence of strong earthquakes. Moreover, the elapsed time for the Wujumeng Pass-Dongfeng Village segment of Serteng piedmont fault and the Tuzuo Banner-Wusutu and the Hohhot segments of Daqingshan piedmont fault has exceeded the average recurrence interval, hence these three segments may be the possible places for future strong earthquakes.  相似文献   

呼包盆地第四纪地层与环境演化^*     

李建彪  冉勇康  郭文生 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):632-644

通过对呼包盆地钻孔岩芯进行系统的岩石学、年代学和孢粉带的分析,综合盆地已有的研究成果,并与邻区对比,划分了盆地第四纪地层单位,同时探讨了河套古湖泊在第四纪的演化特征。结果为:1)剖面存在两个假整合接触面(Q₁/Q₂和Q₂/Q₃),可划分为4个沉积旋回,7个孢粉带。2)剖面第四纪地层从下至上依次可划分下更新统(1070±150~844±126kaB.P.)、中更新统沟子板组(520±78~271±40kaB.P.)、上更新统萨拉乌苏组和城川组(108.7±7.8~14.80±1.03kaB.P.),以及全新统。3)河套盆地在第四纪存在4个古湖泊发育时期,即早更新世(80.0~107.0万年或更早),湖盆处于强氧化环境;中更新世早期(43.0~45.1万年),湖盆氧化强度降低;中更新世晚期(19.2~38.5万年),湖盆处于强烈的还原环境;晚更新世(2.4~11.3万年),湖盆处于还原环境。其间隔期为湖泊消亡或大规模萎缩时期,意味着盆地停止下降甚至处于上升隆起的剥蚀状态。  相似文献   

利用基阶面波反演地壳上地幔的Qβ结构   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

胡家富  段永康 《地震研究》2000,23(3):318-323

根据中国数字化台网（ＣＤＳＮ）记录到的长周期Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ面波资料,使用频变滤波技术从记录中提取基阶振型面波信号;根据与震源处于同一大圆弧上的两台记录的基附振型信号计算出台间格林函数,测定了经过中朝准地台地区周期１０－９８ｓ的基阶Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波衰减系数,在此基础上反演得到中朝准地台的地壳上地幔Ｑβ结构。所得结果表明：华北地区地壳的Ｑβ为２５０,而黄海地区地壳Ｑβ〉４５０,中朝准地台的地幔Ｑβ  相似文献   

爆破振动对岩锚梁的影响测试     

胡家富  段永康  胡毅力  华培忠 《地震地磁观测与研究》2000,21(2):19-24

讨论了爆破地震产生的地震波传播规律 ,以及地振动信号和仪器记录的电信号之间的关系。在此基础上 ,论述了振动影响测试的原理 ,记录仪器系统的标定以及从观测信号中消除仪器影响的方法。对云南某水电站主厂房施工中的爆破振动进行了测试 ,讨论了爆破地震测试中应注意的问题  相似文献   

Characteristics of Large Earthquake Recurrence and Determination of Average Recurrence Interval Value     

Ran Yongkang  Deng Qidong 《中国地震研究》2000,14(1):86-96

Paleoearthquakes in the Yanqing-Huailai basin and on the Haiyuan fault are studied in detail.The result indicates that the recurrence behavior of large earthquakes is of a wide variety.Characteristic earthquakes show the behavior characteristics of the activity of most faults,butthey are of different grades,the recurrence interval of large earthquakes is of staged nature,and the interaction between faults has effects on the recurrence sequence of large earthquakes.Thus,when the recurrence behavior of large earthquakes is staged in time or when thegradation of characteristic earthquakes has led to a sharp difference in recurrence intervalbetween paleoearthquakes of different intensities,for estimating the large earthquake risk bythe deterministic method and time-dependent probabilistic method,it is necessary to calculatethe recurrence interval value separately for each specific stage or grade in order that theaverage recurrence interval values of different stages can be determined.  相似文献   

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型及其整治途径——以新疆为例     

樊自立  马英杰  王让会  季方  张立运 《中国沙漠》2000,(4)

干旱区内陆河流域生态系统类型 ,可按水资源的形成、转化、消耗、积蓄和排泄 ,结合地貌和植被划分为山地、水域、人工绿洲、自然绿洲和荒漠五大类型。各类型是在以荒漠为背景情况下 ,山地为基础 ,水域为主导 ,人工绿洲是核心 ,自然绿洲是屏障。流域生态系统整治途径是 :治理山区环境 ,涵养保持水源 ;合理利用水源 ,维护生态稳定 ;建设人工绿洲 ,优化生存基地 ;保护自然绿洲 ,发挥生态效益 ;防治荒漠化扩大 ,减少危害程度  相似文献   

Late Quaternary Large Earthquakes on the Western Branch of the Xiaojiang Fault and Their Tectonic Implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Xi  RAN Yongkang  CHEN Lichun  WU Fuyao  MA Xinquan  CAO Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1516-1530

The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

四维尺度范畴公共气象服务同构模型研究     

何险峰  罗永康  张祥峰  雷升锴  徐箐 《气象科技》2014,42(4):690-696

公共气象服务"同构"出公众、决策、专业气象服务。然而,同构尚未得到重视,带来公共气象服务系统一些缺欠:难以满足多时空、多内容、多表现Web服务需求;省际间系统对接困难;区、县局部系统难以集成到省、市乃至全国系统。该文以范畴论为指导,设计气象服务同构模型,以"全面覆盖","统一平台"和"易于推广"为理想,构建基于软件重用的气象服务系统。以国家公共气象服务分类规范为依据,将规范蕴含的时间、空间、内容和表现特征进行尺度量化得到四维气象服务空间;进而引入数据库邻接表模型、图形种子填充算法、气象地理信息系统、本体知识管理系统、气象内容管理系统、Google在线地图服务、面向服务架构等多个软件平台,并作用于维度内各个对象,从而完成模型设计。目前,模型已应用于中国天气网四川站,四川省市县三级气象服务网等203个不同行政级别的网站,同时提供各自公众、决策、专业气象Web在线服务。  相似文献   

Assessment of Dynamic Downscaling of the Extreme Rainfall over East Asia Using a Regional Climate Model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GAO Yanhong  Yongkang XUE  PENG Wen  Hyun-Suk KANG  Duane WALISER 《大气科学进展》2011,28(5):1077-1098

This study investigates the capability of the dynamic downscaling method (DDM) in an East Asian climate study for June 1998 using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (MM5).Sensitivity experiments show that MM5 results at upper atmospheric levels cannot match reanalyses data,but the results show consistent improvement in simulating moisture transport at low levels.The downscaling ability for precipitation is regionally dependent.During the monsoon season over the Yangtze River basin and the pre-monsoon season over North China,the DDM cannot match observed precipitation.Over Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau (TP),where there is high topography,the DDM shows better performance than reanalyses.Simulated monsoon evolution processes over East Asia,however,are much closer to observational data than reanalyses.The convection scheme has a substantial impact on extreme rainfall over the Yangtze River basin and the pre-monsoon over North China,but only a marginal contribution for Northwest China and the TP.Land surface parameterizations affect the locations and pattern of rainfall bands.The 10-day re-initialization in this study shows some improvement in simulated precipitation over some sub-regions but with no obvious improvement in circulation.The setting of the location of lateral boundaries (LLB) westward improves performance of the DDM.Including the entire TP in the western model domain improves the DDM performance in simulating precipitation in most sub-regions.In addition,a seasonal simulation demonstrates that the DDM can also obtain consistent results,as in the June case,even when another two months consist of no strong climate/weather events.  相似文献